實際上,人類對自己的情感(或者說意識)到底是什麽都沒有完全搞明白,對狗的情感更是如此,我們無法知道狗到底是怎麽想的。目前而言,人類只能對狗的外在行為和生理構造進行研究。
人類雖然無法得知狗是否對自己有真實的情感,但確實可以證明狗是有智力的:
Dog intelligence is the dog's ability to perceive information and retain it as knowledge for applying to solve problems. Studies of two dogs suggest that dogs can learn by inference and have advanced memory skills. A study with Rico, a Border Collie, showed that he knew the labels of over 200 different items . He inferred the names of novel things by exclusion learning and correctly retrieved those new items immediately and four weeks after the initial exposure. A study of another Border Collie, "Chaser," documented his learning and memory capabilities. He had learned the names and could associate by verbal command over 1,000 words .Dogs can read and react appropriately to human body language such as gesturing and pointing and human voice commands.大致意思是,狗能夠辨識超過200個不同的物品,分辨出超過1000個單詞,還能對人類的肢體語言以及語音指令做出相應的反應。
如果要問狗是否天生就對人類有感情,我認為答案是否定的,不要忘了狗的祖先是狼,它們具有攻擊人類的天性:
The most recent common ancestor of both is estimated to be from 32,100 years ago. This indicates that an extinct Late Pleistocene wolf may have been the ancestor of the dog,with the modern wolf being the dog's nearest living relative.研究表明,狗的祖先是晚更新世時期的狼。
不過,經過馴化(domestication)後,狗可以成為人類的好夥伴,例如,狗可以成為人類的寵物、幫助人類工作(消防犬,警犬等)、和狗相處有利人類的心理和生理健康。
另外,有研究表明,狗在生理上確實具有特殊之處:
有動物認知研究人員對狗狗大腦進行核磁共振成像(MRI)掃描結果發現, 狗狗主人的氣味真的可以激發他們大腦當中的尾狀核,在味道出現的時候,狗狗會將關於人類的訊息放到最優先的順序 。聲音的情緒反應和人類的反應有所相似,科學家發現, 快樂的聲音可以特別喚起其聽覺皮層。總而言之,狗對人類是否有「真的感情」無從得知,但可以確定的是,狗具有攻擊人類的天性,而 經過馴化的狗 是人類忠實的好夥伴。
參考資料:
[1]維基百科:狗(dog)
[2]https:// baijiahao.baidu.com/s? id=1639815758666949740&wfr=spider&for=pc